Three years after the plessy decision, the logic of that case was extended to

1. ford: gerald ford´s presidency, from 1974 to 1977, faced high inflation, named it public enemy nº1, and created the win program (whip inflation now).

2. carter: president from 1977 to 1981, carter had controversial poitions over abortion, but yet, he enforce the roe vs wade decision, which had pro-choice content.

3. reagan. for his eloquency and powerful speeches in his mandates, from 1981 to 1989, reagan earned this nickname, “the great communicator” .

4. george h w bush: despite many presidents had important roles in managing and trying to end the cold war, it was in bush sr's mandate that the berlin wall was materially destroyed, and he was visited by gorbachev in the uspresident from 1989 to 1993.

5. clinton: defense of marriage act. clinton signed this controvesial act, which defined marriage and spouses in strict heterosexual perspective, that was later declard unconstitutional by the us supreme court.

6. george w bush: in the begining of his presidency, which lasted until 2009, bush jr faced the greatest terrorist attacks in us and probably the worlds history, in september, 11 of 2001.

7. obama: in attempts to cease a great economical crisis, barack obama signed the controversial recovery act in february 2009, which handled 780-billion dollars.

hamas is the terrorist group present in palestine.terrorism has been a feature of life in israel even before the country's establishment in 1948.as per israeli government, 3200 people have died in terrorist attacks.

in january 2007, meshal stated that hamas would consider recognizing israel once a palestinian state was established. a haaretz story noted, "this is the first time that a hamas official has raised the possibility of full and official recognition of israel in the future." according to the story, prime minister ehud olmert "shrugged off" meshal's statement.

in december 2010, hamas announced it would honor any palestinian referendum that approved a peace plan with israel. "we accept a palestinian state on the borders of 1967, with jerusalem as its capital, the release of palestinian prisoners, and the resolution of the issue of refugees," said haniyeh. "hamas will respect the results [of a referendum]," he added, "regardless of whether it differs with its ideology and principles." zvi bar'el, a leading haaretz political analyst, noted: "not a return of refugees, not the destruction of the state of israel, no preconditions.