1. big bang "the universe is the same and always will be the same." 2. inflation "the universe popped into existence from a single, dense, hot, chaotic singularity." 3. oscillating universe "the universe will eventually contract in a big crunch." 4. steady state "the universe rapidly expanded within milliseconds after the big bang."

d. william mckinley's southern upbringing him win.

the church governed the society after the empire fell.   constantine took charge of rome and ended the confusion which had over religion and made christianity as the only religion and that started ruling the roman empire. he also divided the empire into two and fortified the eastern part.   he ruled the eastern part.