Technology, language, and writing were widely spread due to invasion marriage migration mail

The correct answer will be option- migration.

Explanation:

In ancient period, the only medium to spread any idea was the migration of the people from one region to unknown region of the world.The idea of language, script, writing and the then developed technology migrated from one region of the world to another only through the migration.

The evidence suggests that the trade routes between two regions led to the exchange of these ideas like the silk route brought Arabian concepts to the eastern life and they took the ideas from eastern world to their region.

Thus, option-migration is the correct answer.

punish germany and keep it weak,

the federalist party which advocated strong centralization dominated the united states government till 1800. so 1800 election transformed the power from one party to another party for the first time and was thus a turning point in american history. so jefferson called it "revolution of 1800".

explanation: