Acommonality among the governments of the kingdoms of ghana, mali, and songhai is that they all    a. divided their empire into provinces b. were ruled by the merchant class c. fell due to european conquests d. were islamic

The correct option is D

• The Empire of Ghana (750-1068) was located in what is now southeastern Mauritania and the western part of Mali, south of the Sahara, in the middle valley of the Senegal River. This empire grew rapidly due to the flow of Arab merchants, which quickly resulted in the empire converting to Islam.

• The Mali Empire was a medieval Mandinga state between 1235-1546, a town whose core was the Manden region, between the present cities of Bamako (Mali), and Siguiri (Guinea), in West Africa. It includes the history of the territory, the people and the rulers who would later form the Empire of Mali. It covers a historical period that goes approximately from the beginning of the tenth century to the middle of the thirteenth century. During the height of the empire the rulers and their subjects converted to Islam.

• The Songhai Empire, also known as the Songay Empire, was a state located in West Africa. From the beginning of the 15th century until the end of the 16th century, Songhai was one of the largest Islamic empires in history. This empire bore the name of its main ethnic group, the Songhai. Its capital was the city of Gao, where a Songhai state had existed since the 11th century. Its power base was located on the margin of the Niger River, in the current Niger and Burkina Faso.

the answer is false.

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