1. shopping malls, hotels, office parks, and residential areas that are located near the intersection of major highways are called

a. enterprise zones
b. edge cities
c. red zones
d. metropolitan statistical areas

2. one effect of urbanization is

a. decreased variety in business and services
b. a greater number of families headed by women
c. a decreased need for infrastructure
d. cities have a growing influence on society

3. a population explosion occurs when a country experiences

a. high birthrates and low death rates
b. a "demographic free fall"
c. low birthrates and low death rates
d. high birthrates and high death rates

4. the are urban residents who cannot move when community or personal changes occur or when other groups move in.

a. cosmopolites
b. singles
c. deprived
d. trapped

5. according to anti-malthusians, we should be more concerned about with than overpopulation.

a. genetically modified foods
b. population shrinkage
c. the effects of pollution
d. keeping cities in check

Answers and Explanations

1.Shopping malls, hotels, office parks and residential areas that are located near the intersection of major highways are called Edge cities. These areas where the business environment exist either in the central business district or outside the city. They contain high number of firms, entertainment points and shopping centers in places that were formerly rural /residential areas. Some of the characteristic of such area are having more jobs than bedrooms, and  it has more spaces for office leasing .Example of edge cities are Tysons, Virginia and Century City in LA.

2.One effect of urbanization is cities have a growing influence on society. The global trend experienced now is massive movement of people from rural to urban centers where population density is already high. In the U.S, most individuals move to both downtowns and the urban areas where businesses and industry related enterprises can thrive well. One important driver of urbanization is increased mechanization , automation and innovation in  the agriculture sector.

3.A population explosion occurs when a country experiences high birthrates and low death rates. This is defined as a sudden increase in the number of persons in a particular area.Apart from higher birth rates than death rates, it can be caused by increased rates of immigration as compared to emigration rates. A good example was boom of population that occurred after world war II which was facilitated by accelerated birth rates, decreased infant death and increased life expectancy.

4.The trapped are urban residents who cannot move when community or personal changes occur or when other groups move in. Such groups may not be able to move because of the types of jobs they do. For example, people who have established retail business will not see the need to move out because they want to enjoy future opportunities that will be brought by increased urbanization. In addition to that, some individuals do not see the need to stay away from areas where they work.

5.According to Anti-Malthusians, we should be more concerned about with population shrinkage than overpopulation. The Malthus theory states that as population grows geometrically there is increase in the supply of food and resources arithmetically. It suggests that in the long-run population will outweigh the food supplies. The Anti-Malthusian on the other  hand suggests that with increased industrialization, the trends in population change from high birth and mortality rates to low birth and death rates.

the underground railroad (apocope of the metropolitan railroad) is a system of urban trains located within a city and its metropolitan area. it is characterized for being a massive transport of passengers in the big cities, uniting diverse zones and their environs, with high capacity and frequency and in segregated form to other systems of transport. metropolitan railroads are built underground or on the surface, although most systems use mixed models where sections are combined in both modalities.

1 - as a result, the metro tends to reduce car travel for two reasons: first, due to the greater transfer of users from the car and, second, due to the reduction in the acquisition of cars in homes located in sectors near the stations of the metro.

2 -the metro allows to contribute effectively to the achievement of all the objectives of an urban development policy: it improves the efficiency of the city's economy by reducing travel costs and also generates a higher level of activities in the city center, taking advantage of of the agglomeration economies.

3 -it is a clean means of transport, since it uses renewable energy (usually electricity), taking care of the environment and avoiding excessive pollution.