Marked the transition from the end of the middle ages to the rise of nation-states. a. the treaty of tordesillas b. the treaty of paris c. the peace of westphalia d. the treaty of versaillesthe answer is c. westphalia

The Peace of Westphalia

Explanation:

Westphalia meant a change in the whole geopolitical dynamic of that era:

The belligerent parties agreed to peace terms and recognized the sovereignty of any member to be a fully recognized state.

The major notions of nation state were traced at this moment since the end of the 30 years war between Spain and the Netherlands (1618-1648) created a healthy balance of power.

They signed on the principle of non interference , and conditions were settled for a wave of lasting peace. The example was clear:

Spain recognized the formation of the Dutch republic as an independent agent.

The peace from 1648 lasted until the late 1800s and the period came as a result of the so-called Westphalian system, an era where Middle Ages finally ended and nation states were active in geopolitical matters.

the hyksos invasion. the hyksos were able to attack egypt successfully because of their skills in using bronze weapons, composite bows and the use of the horse and chariot during the invasion. although the egyptians depict a barbarian-type overthrow, the truth is the seizure was likely a relatively peaceful one.