The policy instituted by the soviet leader, gorbachev called which means openness, contributed to the collapse of the soviet union.

 GLASNOST

Explanation:

In March 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev proposed policies of perestroika (restructuring) and glasnost (openness) in the Soviet Union.  These seemed like policies that leaned in the direction of Western ways of economics and politics.  Perestroika meant allowing some measure of private enterprise in the Soviet Union.  Glasnost meant allowing a bit of freedom in regard to speech and publication.   But don't get the idea that Gorbachev was trying to get rid of the Soviet communist system.  He actually was trying to prop it up and preserve it, because it was starting to have many problems sustaining itself.  But in the end, opening things up a bit with perestroika and glasnost policies only pushed the USSR further in the direction of shedding the communist model under which it had lived for so long.

b.

explanation:

he is racist

"oh, lets coppy china and build a great wall around bla bla bla.that way,we wont lose out to other countries." in the end, he did not build anything

c 3 branches because idk why they had 3 well when:

you think of it there are still contrys with 3