The islamic and christian worlds draw on earlier cultures and empires to create their new empires? who did they draw on?

Is karma the same as destiny, in the sense that everything that happens to you is predetermined? do you believe that "what goes around comes around," and if so is this the same as karma? does everyone get what they deserve, in the end?

Define the term universal male sufferage and give examples of when it affected the revolutions of 1848

What were some of the most important native items adopted by europeans ? what impact did they have on european life ?