How did europeans respond to islamic expansion beginning in the 7th century?

At the beginning of wwii, what action by winston churchill influenced hitler’s strategy?

In at least two paragraphs, discuss the differences between the principles of republicanism and democracy. explain whether you think the united states is more of a republic or a democracy. refer to at least one example from the constitution.

Describe hiw the meanings of the constitutional clauses that grant powers to congress have been defined