In the case dred scott v. sanford, the supreme court ruled a. in favor of scott affirming that, as he had traveled to a free state and lived there for some time, he should be granted his freedom. b. in favor of scott asserting that, as scott was almost like a son to his owner, he should have access to monies granted to him in his master’s will. c. against scott, stating that as a slave he did not even have the legal right to bring a case before the courts. d. against scott, maintaining that ‘once a slave, always a slave.

booker t. washington was an educator who established the tuskegee institute. washington argued that african americans should learn trades that would offer them the opportunity to be progressive citizens. instead of fighting against discrimination, washington argued that african americans should use their education and knowledge to become self-sufficient in american society and not in competition with white americans.

w.e.b du bois was the founder of the niagara movement and later the naacp, du bois disagreed with washington. he argued that african americans should consistently fight for racial equality.

ida b. wells was a journalist who wrote about the horrors of lynching in the south. wells work could be considered muckraking as it led to the development of the anti-lynching campaign.