“a cruel, crazy, mad, hopeless panic possessed them. . the heat was awful . . the men were exhausted—their mouths gaped, their lips cracked and blackened with the powder of the cartridges they had bitten off in the battle, their eyes staring in frenzy.” –representative albert riddle, observing the first battle of bull run this excerpt describes at the battle of first battle of bull run. a. terrified observers of the battle c. retreating union soldiers b. courageous confederate soldiers d. civilians fleeing to washington, d. c.