What is the fundamental difference between a city and county? counties are established by the state constitution. cities are established by the state constitution. counties are created by the legislative branch. cities are created by the executive branch.

City vs. County
A city and a county can sometimes be confusing to define. Differences are noticed when there are city services which are available only within city limits, and county services that are available throughout a few cities in their geographic region. For those who are unaware, there are many differences between a city and a county and are more than just geographic and population based.

A city is comprised of a relatively large population that is described as having some sort of historical establishment and legal system. Cities have their own court systems, law enforcement, fire departments, and some form of medical care centers. There are some cities which don’t have a full hospital, however they do have medical emergency services. Some cities have utility services, housing divisions, and even public transportation systems that can help move the community from one side of the city to another. The largest city in the world is Tokyo, Japan, and the largest city in the United States is Los Angeles, California. There are city limits which surround all cities which signifies to travelers that they are leaving what is the city and are either traveling through another city or the county till they reach another city.

A county is a geographically defined area that is typically divided for political purposes. Counties can vary in size and separate a state into different areas, similar to a province. There are a many cities and towns that fall within a given county, and they are all tied together by political leadership. There can be many different political viewpoints among the citizens of any given county, however they are tied together in voting for the same people.
A county is larger in population than any one city that is within the county. In Alaska and Louisiana the word county is not used, Louisiana refers to these areas as parishes and Alaska refers to them as boroughs. On average, there are 62 counties within any given state in the United States. Texas has more counties than any other state, and Delaware has the least amount of counties with only 3. The largest and most populated county is Los Angeles county, California, and the smallest is Loving county, Texas, with only 64 residents.
Cities and counties vary across the United States both in area and in population

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hope this meaning spain btw