All of the following are true statement about the powerful african slaves known as the mamluks except a. they had been captured as children. b. they were forced to convert to islam. c. they controlled the greater portion of west africa. d. they were trained to serve the sultan as cavalier soldiers.

answer: (fluidity)is the correct answer.

explanation: because of this characteristic, success on the battlefield depends in large part on the ability to adapt to proactively change events to our advantage as well as to react quickly to constantly changing conditions

b toward the volcano.landward. the landward side of something is the side nearest to the land or facing the land, rather than the sea.