For most latin american countries, the 1800s were the era of
a.
independence
b.
colonization
c.
columbian exchange
d.
exploration

The correct answer is A. For most Latin American countries, the 1800s were the Era of Independence.

In response to the enthronement of King Joseph Bonaparte in Spain, between 1808 and 1810 government boards were installed that exercised sovereignty on behalf of the abdicated King Ferdinand VII, both in the Iberian Peninsula and in the Latin American territories. The resistance of the Latin American juntas to submit to the Central Supreme Junta formed in Spain, radicalized positions and led to the armed struggle between realists and patriots. From 1810, various Latin American territories began to declare themselves independent national states under republican regimes, forming large "liberating" armies of continental scope, among which were those commanded by the Argentine Jose de San Martin and the Venezuelan Simon Bolivar. The independence of the new states was consolidated in the 1820s, after the victory at the Battle of Ayacucho. After losing El Callao in January 1826, the only territories dominated by Spaniards in America were Cuba and Puerto Rico.

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