What obstacle did the empires in western africa have to over come in order to trade with cities in northern africa?

How was lenin’s view of communism different from marx’s theories

Brianliestttme : ) -why was pakistan created?

You are given the first four terms of an arithmetic sequence. why might you use a recursive formula? why might you use an explicit formula? under what conditions might a recursive formula be preferred over the explicit formula? under what conditions might an explicit formula be preferred over the recursive formula? pleasss ! sorry if it's a long question: (