Which scenario describes a federal court going against the principle of precedent?

Answer,

The Supreme court rules that companies must pay men and women equal wages despite earlier court ruling allowing wage differences.

Explanation,

Principle of precedent means the judge in charge is supposed to do the ruling based on a previous ruling by a court of higher authority.Principle of precedent is followed if the cases have similar facts and predictable outcome.the judge on appeal is bound to adhere to prior decisions made by a higher court on a similar legal matter unless  he believes there is an important reason to make a different ruling.

b) a state law could be declared illegal if it contradicted the constitution.

explanation:

the conflict of this case originated when james w. mcculloch, a cashier of the baltimore branch of the second bank of the united states that the congress had chartered in 1816, refused to pay a tax imposed by the maryland state.

in the case, the state of maryland appealed that the establishment of a second bank was unconstitutional since the constitution didn't say anything about granting that power to congress. however, the case determined that even if such right wasn't specifically stated in the constitution, it was part of the "implied powers" of the government enunciated in article i, section 8.

the case also eliminated maryland's legislation to impose taxes to a national bank, asserting that even though the states retained the power of taxation, the constitution's laws are supreme and can not be controlled by the states, therefore, if a state law contradicts the constitution, it should be declared illegal.

explanation: