What is a "caliphate?" A. An Islamic state ruled by someone considered the prophet
Muhammad's successor.
B. The palace complex where the prophet Muhammad's successors
and their families live.
C. A law or decree issued directly by the ruling successor of the
prophet Muhammad.

the rule or reign of a caliph or chief Muslim ruler.

"the Umayyad caliphate in Damascus was overthrown by the Abbasids"

the area ruled by a caliph.

"Cordoba was the thriving capital of the Caliphate of Cordoba that governed almost all of the Iberian peninsula"

Explanation:

the democratic party is the answer because they disapproved of slavery

the mass production of steel reduced its price and led to its use in many industries.