How were the commision plan, council manager system, and the direct primary suppose to weakend and combat the strength of political machines plz help

Each expert takes charge of a different city department. By 1917, about 500 cities had commission forms of city government. ... They improved cities without changing their system of government. They put in such reforms as fairer tax systems and lower public transportation fares.

Explanation:

for starters, there is the structural trend of rising primary government expenditure as a share of gdp, which reached 36% in 2014, up from 22% in 1991. this increase reflected a political desire to address the poverty and inequality that had gone unaddressed during previous decades. to support the increase, brazil’s government increased taxes on consumption and promoted progress toward labor-market formalization. nonetheless, public investment, particularly in infrastructure, took a hit. in fact, with the exception of the 2005-2008 period, total investment as a share of gdp has remained below 20% since 1991.

i think they should to be honest

explanation: