Based on the reading, what would someone most likely use the Kaaba for in pre-Islamic times? a. To worship pagan gods.
b. As a place of refuge or safety.
c. As a defensive fortress.
d. As a market to buy goods.

in 1897, pershing became a tactical officer at west point, and that's where he was given the nickname "black jack." pershing's first name is "john," for which "jack" is a nickname, and he was a white man who commanded black troops. hence "black jack".

i think that it would be tenth of the first

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explanation:

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the right answer is the third one: turnpikes went short distances to connect markets. turnpikes, also known as toll roads, were very important for trade and transportation (of people, goods and products) in the 19th century, coinciding with the expansion towards the west. they contributed significantly to the economic development of the united states.