Among China's modernization policies in the late 1970s was the mandatory , which was aimed at alleviating the nation's huge social, economic, and environmental problems.

Answer: tokugawa ieyasu (徳川家康, january 31, 1543 – june 1, 1616) was the founder and first shōgun of the tokugawa shogunate of japan, which effectively ruled japan from the battle of sekigahara in 1600 until the meiji restoration in 1868.