HELP? PLEASE How did segregation and discrimination affect the lives of African Americans at the turn of the 20th century?

African Americans are victimized by voting restrictions, All

Southern states imposed new

voting restrictions and denied

legal equality to African

Americans. Some states, for

example, limited the vote to

people who could read, and

required registration officials

to administer a literacy test to

test reading. Blacks trying to

vote were often asked

difficult questions,

or given a test in a foreign lan- guage. Officials could pass or

fail applicants as they wished.

African Americans faced not only formal discrimination but also informal rules

and customs, called racial etiquette, that regulated relationships between whites

and blacks. Usually, these customs belittled and humiliated African Americans,

enforcing their second-class status. For example, blacks and whites never shook

Hands, since shaking hands would have implied equality. Blacks also had to yield

the sidewalk to white pedestrians, and black men always had to remove their hats for whites.

African Americans who did not fol-

low the racial etiquette could face severe punishment or

death. All too often, blacks who were accused of violating

the etiquette were lynched Between 1882 and 1892, more

than 1,400 African-American men and women were shot,

burned, or hanged without trial in the South. Lynching

peaked in the 1880s and 1890s but continued well into the

20th century.

As segregation tightened and racial oppression escalated across the United States, some leaders of the African American community, often called the talented tenth, began to reject Booker T. Washington’s conciliatory approach. W. E. B. Du Bois and other black leaders channeled their activism by founding the Niagara Movement in 1905. Later, they joined white reformers in 1909 to form the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Early in its fight for equality, the NAACP used the federal courts to challenge disenfranchisement and residential segregation. Job opportunities were the primary focus of the National Urban League, which was established in 1910.

During the Great Migration (1910–1920), African Americans by the thousands poured into industrial cities to find work and later to fill labor shortages created by World War I. Though they continued to face exclusion and discrimination in employment, as well as some segregation in schools and public accommodations, Northern black men faced fewer barriers to voting. As their numbers increased, their vote emerged as a crucial factor in elections. The war and migration bolstered a heightened self-confidence in African Americans that manifested in the New Negro Movement of the 1920s. Evoking the “New Negro,” the NAACP lobbied aggressively for a federal anti-lynching law.

In 1933, President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal provided more federal support to African Americans than at any time since Reconstruction. Even so, New Deal legislation and policies continued to allow considerable discrimination. During the mid-thirties the NAACP launched a legal campaign against de jure (according to law) segregation, focusing on inequalities in public education. By 1936, the majority of black voters had abandoned their historic allegiance to the Republican Party and joined with labor unions, farmers, progressives, and ethnic minorities in assuring President Roosevelt’s landslide re-election. The election played a significant role in shifting the balance of power in the Democratic Party from its Southern bloc of white conservatives towards this new coalition.

Explanation:

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                the united states presidential election of 1912 was the 32nd quadrennial presidential election, held on tuesday, november 5, 1912. the election was a rare four-way contest.

                incumbent president william howard taft was renominated by the republican party with the support of its conservative wing. after former president theodore roosevelt failed to receive the republican nomination, he called his own convention and created the progressive party (nicknamed the "bull moose party"). it nominated roosevelt and ran candidates for other offices in major states. democrat woodrow wilson was finally nominated on the 46th ballot of a contentious convention, to the support of william jennings bryan, the three-time democratic presidential candidate who still had a large and loyal following in 1912. eugene v. debs, running for a fourth time, was the nominee of the socialist party of america.

                wilson won the election, gaining a large majority in the electoral college and winning 42% of the popular vote, while roosevelt won 27%, taft 23% and debs 6%. wilson became the only elected president from the democratic party between 1892 and 1932, and the second of only two democrats to be elected president between 1860 and 1932. this was the last election in which a candidate who was not a republican or democrat came second in either the popular vote or the electoral college, and the first election in which all 48 states of the contiguous united states participated.

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-austint1414