IRELAND YORK
KAMMIN
BRITAIN
BREMEN
As of 600
CASHEL
O WARSAW
OXFORD
CANTERBURY
KIEVO
To 830
COLOGNE
GERMANY
PRAGUE
To 1100
DOL PARIS
GRAN
PECHENEC
TOURS
FRANCE SALZBURG
To 1300
BORDEAUX LYON MILANO
CHERSONESUS
RAVENNA
Ecclesiastical
SALONAE
LEON
NARBONNE
ITALY
BULGARS
center
ROMEO
OTARRAGONA
NAPLES DURAZZO
LISBON
OSPAIN
CONSTANTINOPLE
PALMA
TOLEDO
PALERMO
AMIDA
TURKEY
CAGLIARI
CORDOBA
ALHENY CONIUM
CARTHAGEN
ANTIOCH
TANGIER
PALESTINE
JERUSALEM
AFRICA
CYRENE
EGYPT ALEXANDRIA
O A. Kiev
B. Jerusalem
O C. Bremen
O D. Prague

B

Explanation:

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Explanation:

the industrial development of cities in the ruhr area in the nineteenth century is described. the research was based on english and german language sources. several factors that shaped growth and paths of the cities were categorized and analyzed. they are locations, resources, traditions, entrepreneurs, and technological developments. locations and resources were the most important among them; other factors may be regarded as consequences from locations and resources. among the cities, bochum, essen, gelsenkirchen, and dortmund had the richest resources and most favorable locations in the transportation network and grew to be the largest cities in the ruhr area near the end of the nineteenth century. riverside location was also a favorable factor for the development, as shown in the development of duisburg on the confluence of rhine and ruhr. resource distribution can explain the rise of textile industry, metallurgical industry, and coal and iron industries, and the northward progression of the mining industry. tradition was an important factor for cities such as krefeld, barmen, elberfeld, solingen, and remscheid, which experienced development based on their traditions through the nineteenth century. various entrepreneurs exerted influences within and beyond the local level over the ruhr area. technological development stimulated the northward progression of the mining industry and the deep connection between the coal and the iron industries.