In regards to commercial relations between the Atlantic to the South China Sea, 1) Islamic and Jewish merchants in the Egyptian center were wholesalers who
organized the distribution of raw materials;
2) The Volga route connected Russian merchants with Seljuk Turks for furs and
glassware;
3) The silk road connected Europe with East Africa for ivory and slaves:
4) Europe became more isolated as non-western nations rose in world affairs.

although the legal justifications for the trials and their procedural innovations were controversial at the time, the nuremberg trials are now regarded as a milestone toward the establishment of a permanent international court, and an important precedent for dealing with later instances of genocide and other crimes

i believe the answer to your question is b. pay your bills early

the church governed the society after the empire fell.   constantine took charge of rome and ended the confusion which had over religion and made christianity as the only religion and that started ruling the roman empire. he also divided the empire into two and fortified the eastern part.   he ruled the eastern part.