1. Why are people, both in the sixteenth century and today, prepared to go to war over religious differences?

Explanation:

The European wars of religion were a series of wars waged in Europe during the 16th, 17th and early 18th centuries. ... Other motives during the wars involved revolt, territorial ambitions and Great Power conflicts.

this means that germany had to pay the allied countries. reparations are/is essentially payment for something that they have done wrong, so after ww1, germany was forced to pay reparations so they could replenish the allied countries resources' that they had lost during the war.