→ The Ten Commandments were laws that people agreed to . → They gave the people a law and stated how Israelites should behave.
→ They firmly established as a monotheistic religion.
Early Kingdoms of Israel
The Israelites were still divided into the 12 tribes of Israel in Canaan and needed to find a way to unite.
Judges, Kings, and the First Temple
Over time, the 12 tribes of Israel united to themselves against invaders. They formed a
united (the Kingdom of Israel).
Saul
→ He became the first around 1020 BC.
→ He was known for defeating the and uniting the 12 tribes.
A mighty leader and emerged to free the Israelites. His
name was Moses. The Hebrew Bible says that God spoke to Moses and
asked him to lead the Israelites out of to the land of
. Their journey became known as the .
worshipping only one God
David
→ He was the king of Israel.
→ According to the Hebrew , God tells the prophet to anoint David as the
future king when he is just a young boy.
→ He killed .
→ David chose as the capital of the Israelites.
Solomon
→ He was the king of Israel.
→ Solomon was a great and ruler.
→ He increased decreased trade with and Phoenicia.
Division and Diaspora
When King Solomon died, the kingdom of Israel went through a period of . The Israelites
became and began to throughout the land. This scattering of the Israelites
was called the .
Revolt and the Romans
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words or phrases.
In 63 BC, the Empire conquered Jewish lands and forced Jews to stop
their religion.
In AD 70, Roman rulers destroyed the Second Temple in Jerusalem. The people started building many
where Jews could worship in smaller communities under religious leaders known as
.
Yohanan ben Zakkai is known as “the father of wisdom” or “the father of a generation of scholars.” He
created for rabbis in ancient times.
In 200 BC, took control of Judea. Later, the Maccabees led a rebellion, and Judea
became independent.
In 63 BC, the powerful conquered Judea. During their rule, many Jews migrated
away from Jerusalem.
They continued to practice their religion in under the leadership of rabbis.
Important Texts in Judaism
The Hebrew Bible
The important texts in Judaism are collectively referred to as the . The word Tanakh
comes from three Jewish texts—the , the Nevi’im, and the Ketuvim (TaNaKh).
Important Texts of Judaism
The Torah
 is the most text in Judaism
 includes the first books of the Hebrew Bible
 is found in every
Prophets
 is one section of the Bible
 includes messages from
 contains two parts
Writings
 is the Ketuvim, the final section of the
 includes stories, , and lessons on Jewish history
 contains the Book of , and important writing in Judaism