An untitled map. Mecca is labeled and located below the Tropic of Cancer. Medina is labeled and located above the Tropic of Cancer. Both are west of 45 degrees east longitude, Medina slightly further west than Mecca. Based on the map, which set of coordinates describes the absolute location of Mecca?

21°N, 42°E
24°N, 59°E
25°N, 40°E
33°N, 44°E

What was one reason that southern states passed laws after 1800 to discourage manumission? 1)southern whites feared that freed blacks would seek revenge for past treatment as slaves. 2) northern leaders pressured southerners to liberate enslaved people. 3)southern states needed an inexpensive labor force to work in southern factories. 4)northern whites had sold their slaves to southerners before slavery was banned in the north.