What was the Protestant Reformation and the Counter Catholic Reformation?

Answers

The Protestant Reformation was the 16th-century religious, political, intellectual and cultural upheaval that splintered Catholic Europe, setting in place the structures and beliefs that would define the continent in the modern era.  

The Catholic Reformation was the intellectual counter-force to Protestantism. The desire for reshape within the Catholic Church had started before the spread of Luther.

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mustafa ataturk thought nationalism in turkey would best be achieved by modernizing the country.