What valid points did Thomas Malthus and Karl Marx make in their theories about population?

Malthus specifically stated that the human population increases geometrically, while food production increases arithmetically. Under this paradigm, humans would eventually be unable to produce enough food to sustain themselves. This theory was criticized by economists and ultimately disproved.

Essentially, Malthus was wrong on both counts: population growth and technical change. He did not specify the exact rate of population growth, but suggested that with abundant natural resources (as in The New World), population would tend to double every 25 years.Malthus specifically stated that the human population increases geometrically, while food production increases arithmetically. Under this paradigm, humans would eventually be unable to produce enough food to sustain themselves. This theory was criticized by economists and ultimately disproved.

shang dynasty

western zhou (ca. 1046-771 bce)

eastern zhou (ca. 771-256 bce)

based on this information, i would advocate against sweatshop labour because it exploits workers in unsafe working conditions with little pay. though sweatshops produce inexpensive goods, they harm the environment, workers, and often use unsafe materials to make consumer goods.