Definition: This faith originated in Ancient Persia and is considered by some to be one of the first movements toward monotheism.
Example: Ahura Mazda and Ahriman.

Assuming that this is referring to the same list of options that was posted before with this question, the correct response would be "Iraq," since the base of the Persian Empire was what is now present-day Iraq in the Middle East.  

Explanation:

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immigrants from northern and western europe continued coming as they had for three centuries, but in decreasing numbers

to replace ineffective because   andrew jackson's spoil system was a deliberate policy after he became president to remove federal employees he considered to be political opponents and replace them with his own supporters.