In what region were these factors prevalent in the years leading up to the civil war?

During the years leading up to the the Civil War manufacturing, mining, urban growth and increased immigration were all factors prevalent in the North of the United States, more specifically in the Northeast, due to the growth that cities have experience ther through the impulse of industry.

most people now work in jobs where they do one  kind  of work; they are carpenters, bankers, cooks, mechanics, and so forth. likewise, most  businesses produce  only certainkinds  of  goods  or  services, such as cars, tacos, or gardening  services. this feature of  production  is known as specialization.