Why was France and Spain’s help so important to the Americans?

Countries such as France and Spain saw Britain as their enemy. By aiding the Americans they were also hurting their enemy. ... Seven Years' War - Both France and Spain had lost the Seven Years' War against Britain in 1763. They wanted to get their revenge as well as regain some prestige.

in mcculloch v. maryland (1819) the supreme court ruled that congress had implied powers under the necessary and proper clause of article i, section 8 of the constitution to create the second bank of the united states and that the state of maryland lacked the power to tax the bank.

gibbons v. ogden, (1824), was a landmark decision in which the supreme court of the united states held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to congress by the commerce clause of the united states constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation.

on the morning of  july 21,  1861, general mcdowell ordered the  unionarmy to attack. it was on this hill that  confederate  colonel thomas jackson and his forces held back theunion  troops.