What made Jim Crow laws illegal?

Marine exptoration of oil uses seismic waves to locate oil in the seabed. what is a negative impact from seismic waves on the aquatic ecosystem of the ocean? a. seismic waves kill microoganisms b. seismic waves disrupts the sand and causes seafloor erosion c. seismic waves have virtually no adverse affects on marine life d. seismic waves damage the sonar that dolphins and whales use to orient themselves underwater

Which best expresses the radical republican philosophy of reconstruction?

The victorian era was characterized by select all that apply. an extended period of piece strict code of social conduct a rapidly shrinking middle class increasing conflict between europe and america