Railroads were charging high prices because there was only one person that owned all the railroads. This is known as a

Monopoly

Explanation:

When one person trumps over a line of industries that manufacture or provide the same service it is called a monopoly.

when a country suffers, for example, a drought period, the market product is affected for a low offer, in this case, potatoes; the government has to tax to the households, which have to give more money for the potatoes which they consume, that situation make them consume substitute goods even through loans, it could increase the financial market movement and the inflationary phenomena, the business has to increase salaries in order to the employees could buy a more expensive food (potatoes) and in order to inflation tha business had to buy expensive supplies in the factor market, while the rest of the world have to gain more money to consume the same amount of potatoes.

reread your text and you will find the answer. stay focused ignore all your distractions.

explanation: