19. England experienced all of the following hardships in the late 1500's prompting colonization EXCEPT

a. social division within religious groups due to the Protestant Reformation.
b. international rivalry with European countries such as Ireland and Spain.
c. a population growth which reduced jobs and wages in England.
d. an enclosure movement creating the need to access more land for farmers and
indentured servants.
e. the widespread importation of African slaves into the British Isle.