In this activity, you will read and interpret a speech by Nelson Mandela and evaluate his work to end apartheid. Part A
In 1964, Nelson Mandela went on trial for sabotage against the South African government. At his trial, Mandela gave a speech in his own defense. Read this excerpt from his speech, and answer the question that follows:

Africans want to be paid a living wage. Africans want to perform work which they are capable of doing, and not work which the Government declares them to be capable [of]. Africans want to be allowed to live where they obtain work, and not be endorsed out of an area because they were not born there. Africans want to be allowed to own land in places where they work, and not to be obliged to live in rented houses which they can never call their own. Africans want to be part of the general population, and not confined to living in their own ghettoes. . . . Africans want to be allowed out after eleven o’clock at night, and not to be confined to their rooms like little children. . . . Africans want a just share in the whole of South Africa; they want security and a stake in society.
Above all, we want equal political rights, because without them our disabilities will be permanent. I know this sounds revolutionary to the whites in this country, because the majority of voters will be Africans. This makes the white man fear democracy.

According to Mandela, what are some ways that the South African government discriminated against nonwhite citizens? Write a response in about three to five sentences.