1. How did religious, economic, and political factors shape Portuguese and Spanish claims on the land in Central and South America? 2. Compare the effects of competition between European nations on the development of their respective colonies in the Americas.

The main way through which the Spanish and Portuguese empires channeled their territorial claims in Central and South America was through the Treaty of Tordesillas, an international pact that encompassed religious, political and economic factors to determine the territories of each nation.

Thus, the Treaty of Tordesillas, which was instigated by the Catholic pope of the moment, determined the distribution of the spheres of interest of the two countries at the beginning of the many voyages of discovery, so that Portugal was allotted east of the dividing line, while Spain was allotted west of the line. The western hemisphere was to belong to Spain, while the eastern was to be Portuguese. In this way, the Catholic rulers and John II agreed that conquests could take place on behalf of both states in relation to the already known world.

This treaty on the division of the ocean was an innovation in that it was the first time that a boundary was established that divided both land and sea. This created the background for the contemporary division of South America, where Brazil is Portuguese-speaking, while the other countries are Spanish-speaking.

Learn more in

the correct answer is “opportunity cost”. opportunity cost is what a company misses out because it decided in one option over another one. in this case, the company decided to invest in building a factory so it gave up another possible benefit or profit in order to achieve success with the factory.  

trade-off is not the correct answer since it is a situation in which you accept losing something in return for benefits in other areas.

and finally, consequence is a general term used to accept what it comes when you make a decision. it can be a positive or negative consequence depending if the decision you took was the correct one.  

hello!

according to the passage the most suitable options are two. the first one is "by leading the aef to victory in several key battles" like the battle of saint- mihiel and the battle of cantigny mentioned in the passage you copied here. the second one is "by the aef and allied forces defeat germany" since the passage says that his army destroy the german resistance in the meuse- argonne offensive. and also, "by insisting that the aef operate as an independent force".

hope this