Who of the following called for African Americans to “pull themselves up from their own bootstraps”?

W.E.B. Du Bois.

Explanation:

adopted the practice of proskynesis, a persian court custom that involved bowing down and kissing the hand of others, depending on their rank.

interest groups send representatives to state capitals and to washington, d.c. to put pressure on members of congress and other policymakers. they engage in lobbying, or the organized process of influencing legislation or policy. lobbying can take many forms. interest groups can testify in congressional hearings.