Which conclusion does this excerpt most clearly support? Hon. William Williams, Commissioner at New York, says in
his report: "[The present laws) do not reach a large body of
immigrants who, while not of this class, are yet generally
undesirable, because unintelligent, of low vitality, of poor
physique, able to perform only the cheapest kind of
manual labor, desirous of locating almost exclusively in the
cities, by their competition tending to reduce the standard
of living of the American wageworker, and unfitted
mentally or morally for good citizenship... Their coming
has been of benefit chiefly, if not only, to the transportation
companies which brought them here."

in mcculloch v. maryland (1819) the supreme court ruled that congress had implied powers under the necessary and proper clause of article i, section 8 of the constitution to create the second bank of the united states and that the state of maryland lacked the power to tax the bank.

gibbons v. ogden, (1824), was a landmark decision in which the supreme court of the united states held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to congress by the commerce clause of the united states constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation.

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explanation:

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