How did the invasion of Iraq contribute to the rise of ISIS?

Explanation:

patterns found in all organisms. Additional genetic information conclusively supports the relatedness of life and has allowed scientists (since the discovery of DNA) to develop phylogenetic trees: a construction of organisms evolutionary relatedness. It has also led to the development of molecular clock techniques to date taxon divergence times and to calibrate these with the fossil record.

your list doesn't mention any of them at all.

and what does "these" mean anyway ?

the answer is b. osage.