Base your answer to question 31 on both Documents 1 and 2 and on your knowledge of social studies. Cause - refers to something that contributes to the occurence of an event, the rise of an idea,
or the bringing about of a development.
Effect refers to what happens as a consequence (result, impact, outcome) of an event, an
idea, or a development.
31. Identify and explain a cause-and-effect relationship associated with the historical developments in
documents 1 and 2. Be sure to use evidence from both documents 1 and 2 in your response. [1]

the answer as multiple choice is c

africa, the second-largest continent, is bounded by the mediterranean sea, the red sea, the indian ocean, and the atlantic ocean. it is divided in half almost equally by the equator. the continent includes the islands of cape verde, madagascar, mauritius, seychelles, and comoros.

africa’s physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately.

the origin of the name “africa” is greatly disputed by scholars. most believe it stems from words used by the phoenicians, greeks, and romans. important words include the egyptian word afru-ika, meaning “motherland”; the greek word aphrike, meaning “without cold”; and the latin word aprica, meaning “sunny.”

today, africa is home to more countries than any other continent in the world. these countries are: morocco, western sahara (morocco), algeria, tunisia, libya, egypt, sudan, chad, niger, mali, mauritania, senegal, the gambia, guinea-bissau, guinea, sierra leone, liberia, côte d’ivoire, ghana, burkina faso, togo, benin, nigeria, cameroon, central africa republic, equatorial guinea, gabon, congo, democratic republic of the congo, angola, namibia, botswana, south africa, lesotho, swaziland, mozambique, zimbabwe, zambia, malawi, tanzania, rwanda, burundi, uganda, kenya, somalia, ethiopia, djibouti, eritrea and the island countries of cape verde, madagascar, mauritius, seychelles, and comoros.

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nations must cooperate to bring about and maintain world peace.

nations must not wage wars or commit war crimes in a desire to control other nations.

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