"I would be true to the principles for which my forefathers fought and true to the real spirit of the magnificent United States of to-day. I can not stultify [reduce] myself by voting for the present bill and overwhelm my country with racial hatreds and racial lines and antagonisms drawn even tighter than they are to-day."—Representative Robert H. Clancy, from his speech before Congress on April 8, 1924 Clancy's remarks in this excerpt represent

an opposing reaction to the rising nativism and protectionism after World War I

a popular view of most Americans who welcomed greater diversity through migration

the efforts of labor reformers who sought to expand rights for recent immigrants

the intense debates related to civil rights and liberties that followed World War I