How did nationalism impact ethnic and cultural identity on a global scale? Please Help

What does the term “escalation” refer to?

All of the following were weaknesses of the articles of confederation, except: a) the central government was not permitted to regulate state, interstate, or foreign trade. b) the central government was not permitted to borrow money. c) the central government had little ability to regulate money. d) the central government had no ability to tax.

Which is the correct description of a revolution and one of its outcomes?