"I would be true to the principles for which my forefathers fought and true to the real spirit of the magnificent United States of to-day. I can not stultify [reduce] myself by voting for the present bill and overwhelm my country with racial hatreds and racial lines and antagonisms drawn even tighter than they are to-day."—Representative Robert H. Clancy, from his speech before Congress on April 8, 1924 Clancy's remarks were directed at the

restrictions against black voter registration
ban against Chinese immigration
creation of separate public schools for blacks
establishment of restrictive immigration quotas