How was the first World War the result of changes that
occurred in the long nineteenth century?

the british won and the germans couldn't invade great brit

i'd assume india mainly because of how isolated japan was.   plus it is a whole china away.

the tariff was created to protect industry in the northern part of the united states. industries in the north were being driven out of business by imported goods that were priced at a low rate. the goal was to protect these industries   by taxing the goods.

basic principles: federalism, separation of powers, checks and balances, judicial review, representative democracy, limited government, rule of law, individual rights and responsibilities, consent of the governed, majority rule, popular sovereignty, equal protection.