This is an excerpt from an 1833 British report about child labor. Cooped up in a heated atmosphere, debarred the necessary exercise, remaining in one position for a series of hours, one set or system of muscles alone called into activity, it cannot be wondered at – that its effects are injurious to the physical growth of a child. . . . the spinal column bends beneath the weight of the head, bulges out laterally, or is dragged forward by the weight of the parts composing the chest . . . and the whole body loses height, in consequence of this general yielding and bending of its parts.

—The Manufacturing Population of England,

P. Gaskell,

1833

Examine the dates in this timeline: • 1918: the ottoman empire loses control of iraq to the britishfollowing world war i.• 1932: the kingdom of iraq is granted its independence from greatbritain• 1945: mustafa barzani leads a failed rebellion against the iraqigovernment• 1948: the al-wathbah uprising results in protests against the iraqigovernment before it is violently suppressed.• 1958: the kingdom of iraq is overthrown by military leaders whoestablish the republic of iraq,• 1980: iraq invades iran, launching the iran iraq war.• 1990: iraq invades kuwait but is defeated by united nations forcesled by the united states.• 2003: the united states and its allies invade iraq and remove itsdictator, saddam hussein. which title would best suit the period in iraqi history from 1980 through1990? a. the era of political instability and protestb. the era of american involvementc. the era of iraqi aggressiond. the era of early iraqi independence