The power of all federal courts (and most state courts) to declare a particular law or governmental action invalid because it violates a provision of the constitution is called

a. judicial review.
b. federalism.
c. separation of powers.
d. popular sovereignty.

A. Judicial review is the correct answer.

Explanation:

The power of a court to review a law for its constitutionality is known as Judicial review. The power of judicial review is held by the courts in US. It is the process through which the court looks at the legislative and executive branches. The court doesn't decides whether a law is good or bad, it simply checks if the law is not violating the constitution as the constitution is considered to be the supreme law of the land. The constitution states that which rights the citizens have and how the government should. The courts are similar to the referees in a  sport. If the constitution finds a law to be unconstitutional then it can strike it down.

napoleon the third became a empire in 1873 also known as the era of the franco-prussian war.

the answer is alexander graham bell.