Answers to the essay questions are to be written in the separate essay booklet.
part ii
thematic essay question
directions: write a well-organized essay that includes an introduction, several paragraphs addressing the task
below, and a conclusion.
theme: reform movements (industrialization)
after the civil war, the united states developed an increasingly industrialized
economy. industrialization provided many benefits for the nation; however, it also
created serious problems that required action by the government, groups, or
individuals.
task:
select two problems that resulted from industrialization in the united states and
for each
• explain how this problem resulted from industrialization
• describe an attempt by the government, groups, or individuals to address the
problem
• discuss the extent to which this attempt was successful in addressing the
problem
you may use any problem that was created by industrialization from your study of united
states history. some suggestions you might wish to consider include corruption in
government, exploitation of workers, overcrowding of cities, establishment of trusts,
production of unsafe consumer goods, destruction of the natural environment, and increase in
anti-immigrant attitudes.
you are not limited to these suggestions.

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In the decision for dred scott vs. sanford, (1857) in which a slave petitioned for his freedom in a st. louis court, on the grounds that his owner had taken him into free territory, and thus he ought no longer be regarded as possessing "slave" status, but should be regarded as a free man, the court decided as follows (excerpt): "in the circuit courts of the united states, the record must show that the case is one in which by the constitution and laws of the united states, the court had jurisdiction--and if this does not appear, and the court gives judgment either for plaintiff or defendant, it is error, and the judgment must be reversed by this court--and the parties cannot by consent waive the objection to the jurisdiction of the circuit court. a free negro of the african race, whose ancestors were brought to this country and sold as slaves, is not a 'citizen' within the meaning of the constitution of the united states. when the constitution was adopted, they were not regarded in any of the states as members of the community which constituted the state, and were not numbered among its 'people or citizen.' consequently, the special rights and immunities guarantied to citizens do not apply to them. and not being "citizens" within the meaning of the constitution, they are not entitled to sue in that character in a court of the united states, and the circuit court has not jurisdiction in such a suit. the only two clauses in the constitution which point to this race, treat them as persons whom it was morally lawful to deal in as articles of property and to hold as slaves. since the adoption of the constitution of the united states, no state can by any subsequent law make a foreigner or any other description of persons citizens of the united states, nor entitle them to the rights and privileges secured to citizens by that instrument." why does the court say that the petitioning party in this case had no right to sue for his freedom? a) because he is too young b) because he is from a different state c) because he is "of the african race" with enslaved ancestors d) because he is, properly speaking, within his owner's jurisdiction

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