Document 3
… one of the chief trade centers for salt in the ancient world was the fabled city of timbuktu.
located on the southern edge of the sahara desert, the city thrived on profits from the salt
trade.…
the salt trade made the city prosperous; in africa, salt ranked with gold and slaves in value.
for merchants to risk camels over hundreds of miles of burning sand, the profits must have
been enormous. nor did the city squander [waste] its wealth. timbuktu’s salt trade supported
schools and libraries; merchants lived in fine houses; the king paid handsome salaries to
judges, doctors, and clerics—all from profits on the three-hundred-pound salt cargo that each
camel carried.…
source: robert kraske, crystals of life: the story of salt, doubleday & company
according to robert kraske, what are two ways the profits of the salt trade affected the city of timbuktu? [2]

Examine the dates in this timeline: • 1918: the ottoman empire loses control of iraq to the britishfollowing world war i.• 1932: the kingdom of iraq is granted its independence from greatbritain• 1945: mustafa barzani leads a failed rebellion against the iraqigovernment• 1948: the al-wathbah uprising results in protests against the iraqigovernment before it is violently suppressed.• 1958: the kingdom of iraq is overthrown by military leaders whoestablish the republic of iraq,• 1980: iraq invades iran, launching the iran iraq war.• 1990: iraq invades kuwait but is defeated by united nations forcesled by the united states.• 2003: the united states and its allies invade iraq and remove itsdictator, saddam hussein. which title would best suit the period in iraqi history from 1980 through1990? a. the era of political instability and protestb. the era of american involvementc. the era of iraqi aggressiond. the era of early iraqi independence