In 1919, germany signed the treaty of versailles. did the treaty reflect wilson’s vision of “peace without victory”? why or why not?

*no. although the treaty included wilson’s fourteen points, other provisions made them redundant.
*yes. several of the fourteen points became part of the treaty.
*no. the other allies wanted to punish germany harshly for its actions.
*yes. germany was able to negotiate a peace settlement without admitting defeat.

The answer is option 3: No. The other Allies wanted to punish Germany harshly for its actions.

Wilson's vision, expressed in his Fourteen Points speech (January 8, 1918), was to achieve peace between nations by bringing justice to all nationalities, which included to not treat too harshly the defeated Central Powers. However, England, France, and Italy preferred to regain what they had lost by harshly punishing Germany, through The Treaty of Versailles, in which Germany had to disarm, make territorial concessions, pay for the damages and losses caused to the Allies during the war, etc.

islamic religious leaders have traditionally been people who, as part of the clerisy, mosque, or government, performed a prominent role within their community or nation. however, in the modern contexts of muslims minorities in non-muslim countries as well as secularised muslim states like turkey, indonesia and bangladesh, religious leadership may take a variety of non-formal shapes.

compared to religious leaders/clerics of the other abrahamic faiths, islamic clergy are said to resemble rabbis and not priests. unlike catholic priests they do not "serve as intermediaries between mankind and god",[1] have "process of ordination",[2] or "sacramental functions",[1] but instead serve as "exemplars, teachers, judges, and community leaders," providing religious rules to the pious on "even the most minor and private" matters.[1]