What consequences should there be for the countries who lose a war?

In old times, the consequences would range from complete destruction of the cities to enslaving the entire population. Nowadays, it is common for the country that lost to pay war reparations, give back any territory that it took, and change the government, all while prosecuting the people who initiated the war. Usually the new government is oriented towards the side that defeated them.

Ibelieve the answer is (a) true.